Name: Artemis
Role:
She is the goddess of the wilderness, hunting, the moon, wild animals, fertility, childbirth, young children and abstinence. It is also said that she is in charge of many illness such as rabies and leprosy. She is known as the ‘feminist’ goddess and the goddess who especially heard to the appeals of women. She vowed to be a maiden forever. She was often described as an environmentalist.
History:
Artemis twin brother is Apollo. She is the child of Zeus and Leto. Hera forbade Leto to give birth on the mainland or an island, but the island of Delos disobeyed and Leto gave birth to Apollo and Artemis there. Many stories say that Artemis was born first and became her mother’s midwife for the birth of Apollo, this is how she became the goddess of childbirth. There is no full testimony of Artemis’ childhood however one source states that when Artemis was three, while sitting on Zeus’ knee, he asked what she wanted for her birthday ‘she responded without hesitation that she wanted six things:
- to be allowed to live without having to be distracted by love and marriage,
- a bow and arrow just like her brother’s,
- a hunting costume and freedom from having to dress up like a lady,
- the job of bringing light into the world,
- sixty young nymphs to be her companions and to help care for her hunting dogs, and
- all the mountains on the earth to live on.
Zeus was amused by her precociousness and happily granted the little goddess Artemis her wishes. Even at this tender age it was clear that Artemis was going to be the most independent of the goddesses, one who thrived on challenges!’
Extracts from ancient sources:
Homeric Hymn 27 to Artemis (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th to 4th B.C.) :
“Over the shadowy hills and windy peaks she [Artemis] draws her golden bow . . . The tops of the high mountains tremble and the tangled wood echoes awesomely with the outcry of beasts.”
Aeschylus, Suppliant Women 1030 ff (trans. Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
“May pure Artemis look upon this band [of unwed maidens] in compassion, and may marriage never come through Kythereia’s [Aphrodite] compulsion.”
Homer, Iliad 21. 470 & 483 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) :
“Artemis of the wilderness (agrotera), lady of wild beasts (potnia theron) . . . Zeus has made you [Artemis] a lion among women, and given you leave to kill any at your pleasure . . . you hunt down the ravening beasts in the mountains and deer of the wilds.”
Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite 20 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th to 4th B.C.) :
“Artemis with shafts of gold (khryselakatos) loves . . . the lyre and dancing and thrilling cries and shady woods and the cities of upright men.”
Homer, Iliad 21. 470 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) :
“Zeus has made you [Artemis] a lion among women, and given you leave to kill any at your pleasure.”
Myth 1
There is a myth about Artimis revengeful personality. In one story, a young hunter named Actaeon came upon Artemis while she was bathing in a clear blue, stream. Although he knew better than to spy on a goddess, he was captivated by her beauty. Artemis caught sight of Actaeon and, not wanting him to boast of having seen her naked body, changed him into a stag. His own hounds then attacked and killed him.
(http://www.mythencyclopedia.com/Am-Ar/Artemis.html#ixzz1veO2crGa)
Myth 2
With the exception of her brother Apollo, who was a close companion, Artemis was not known to have had very satisfying relationships with men. Her one and only great love affair was with the handsome Orion. This affair ended very badly.Upset that his sister’s time and attentions had been diverted away from him, Apollo tricked Artemis into killing Orion.
Knowing that Orion was swimming in the ocean, Apollo bet Artemis that she could not hit “that distant object on the horizon” with an arrow.
Filled with confidence in her skills as an archer, Artemis accepted the challenge. Successful as always she hit the target. Artemis later discovered that her arrow had killed the only man she had ever loved.
In her grief, the goddess ‘Artemis turned her dead lover into stars and shot him into the night sky where he remains as the constellation Orion
(http://www.goddessgift.com/goddess-myths/greek_goddess_artemis.htm)
Never again would she allow herself to become vulnerable to romantic love.
